解讀《高技能人(ren)才(cai)隊伍建設(she)中長期(qi)規劃(hua)（2010-2020年）》
—哪些(xie)人(ren)才(cai)是高技能人(ren)才(cai)？我國高技能人(ren)才(cai)發展現狀如何(he)？
中(zhong)(zhong)央組織部(bu)、人力資源社會(hui)保(bao)障(zhang)部(bu)近(jin)日發布《高(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)人才隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)建(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)長期規(gui)劃(hua)(2010-2020年)》。這是新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)國(guo)以來第一(yi)個高(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)人才隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)發展規(gui)劃(hua)，這一(yi)規(gui)劃(hua)將(jiang)成為當前和(he)今后(hou)一(yi)個時期我國(guo)高(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)人才工作的重要綱領性文件。
《高技(ji)能人(ren)(ren)才隊伍建設(she)中長期規劃(2010-2020年》是國(guo)家人(ren)(ren)才發(fa)展規劃體系的重要組成部(bu)分(fen)。我國(guo)高技(ji)能人(ren)(ren)才發(fa)展現狀如(ru)何?如(ru)何打造一支適應(ying)走新型工(gong)業化道(dao)路和產業結構優(you)化升級的要求，同時又具備精湛技(ji)藝的高技(ji)能人(ren)(ren)才隊伍?日前(qian)，人(ren)(ren)社部(bu)有關負責同志(zhi)就這些問題(ti)接受了(le)本報記者的采訪。
據(ju)統計，到2009年(nian)底，我(wo)國高(gao)技(ji)(ji)能人(ren)(ren)才達到2631萬人(ren)(ren)，比2004年(nian)底增加771萬人(ren)(ren)，增長(chang)約(yue)40%，高(gao)技(ji)(ji)能人(ren)(ren)才占技(ji)(ji)能勞動者(zhe)總量的比例達24.7%。據(ju)預(yu)測(ce)，2015年(nian)和(he)(he)2020年(nian)，技(ji)(ji)能勞動者(zhe)需求(qiu)將(jiang)分(fen)別比2009年(nian)增加近1900萬人(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)3290萬人(ren)(ren)，其中，高(gao)技(ji)(ji)能人(ren)(ren)才需求(qiu)將(jiang)分(fen)別增加約(yue)540萬人(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)990萬人(ren)(ren)。
規模擴(kuo)大 結(jie)構優化(hua)
記者：哪些人才(cai)是高(gao)(gao)技能人才(cai)?我國高(gao)(gao)技能人才(cai)發展現狀如何?
負責人(ren)：高(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能人(ren)才(cai)是(shi)指(zhi)具(ju)有高(gao)(gao)超(chao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)藝和精湛技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能，能夠進行創造(zao)性勞(lao)動并對社會作(zuo)出(chu)貢獻的人(ren)，主要包(bao)括技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能勞(lao)動者中取得高(gao)(gao)級技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)、技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)師和高(gao)(gao)級技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)師職業資格(ge)的人(ren)員。高(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能人(ren)才(cai)是(shi)我國人(ren)才(cai)隊(dui)伍的重要組(zu)成(cheng)部分，是(shi)各行各業產業大軍的優秀(xiu)代表，是(shi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術工(gong)人(ren)隊(dui)伍的核心骨(gu)干，在加(jia)快(kuai)轉變經(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)方式、促(cu)進產業結構(gou)優化(hua)(hua)升級、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)企業競(jing)爭力、推(tui)動技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術創新和科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)轉化(hua)(hua)等方面具(ju)有重要作(zuo)用。
這些年來，我國高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)作取得了新(xin)進(jin)(jin)展。一(yi)是高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)規模不斷(duan)擴大，結構(gou)逐步(bu)優化(hua)。截至2009年底，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)達到2631萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，比2004年底增加(jia)771萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，增長約40%，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)占技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)勞(lao)動者總量的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例達24.7%。二是高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)成(cheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策環境明顯改善(shan)。各(ge)(ge)地區、各(ge)(ge)部門普遍制(zhi)(zhi)定了促進(jin)(jin)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)隊伍建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策，國家將(jiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)納入享受國務院政(zheng)府特殊津貼(tie)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)。三是高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)培(pei)養體(ti)系逐步(bu)完善(shan)。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)養高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)作用(yong)開(kai)始得到發揮(hui)，一(yi)批高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)級技(ji)(ji)工(gong)學校(xiao)、技(ji)(ji)師學院、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)職(zhi)院校(xiao)緊貼(tie)市場需求，與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)密切合作，在(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)快培(pei)養后備高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)方(fang)面(mian)發揮(hui)了重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要基(ji)礎作用(yong)。四是高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作得到加(jia)強。以(yi)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力為(wei)導向、以(yi)工(gong)作業(ye)(ye)績為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點，注重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)道(dao)德和(he)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)知識(shi)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)體(ti)系初步(bu)建(jian)立(li)，社會(hui)化(hua)鑒定、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)、院校(xiao)資格認證(zheng)等(deng)多元評價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)初步(bu)形成(cheng)。五(wu)是高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)競賽選(xuan)拔機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)逐步(bu)健全(quan)。各(ge)(ge)類職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)競賽活(huo)動蓬勃開(kai)展，已成(cheng)為(wei)加(jia)快高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)脫穎(ying)而出的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要渠道(dao)。六(liu)是高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)經濟社會(hui)發展中的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)顯著(zhu)加(jia)強。以(yi)首(shou)席技(ji)(ji)師、首(shou)席工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)代表的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)帶頭人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)開(kai)始建(jian)立(li)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)技(ji)(ji)術攻關、工(gong)藝創新(xin)和(he)帶徒(tu)傳技(ji)(ji)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要作用(yong)得到發揮(hui)。七是對高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宣傳力度(du)(du)不斷(duan)加(jia)大。崇尚(shang)勞(lao)動、尊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)氛(fen)圍(wei)正在(zai)(zai)(zai)逐步(bu)形成(cheng)。